<p>The Pence Springs Hotel Historic District is a national historic district located at Pence Springs, Summers County, West Virginia. It encompasses seven contributing buildings and two contributing structures. They are the Pence Springs Hotel Building , Pavilion / Casino , Hotel Managers Residence / Wardens Residence , Hotel Garage , Golf Caddy House , Pence Springs Bottling Works , and Pence Springhouse .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Trump–Lilly Farmstead is a historic farmstead located near Hinton, in Raleigh and Summers County, West Virginia. The property includes seven contributing buildings and one contributing site, representative of a frontier Appalachian farm. The main house is a typical two-story southern farmhouse with a side-gabled roof. The farm was sold to the National Park Service in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>French Creek Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located in French Creek, Upshur County, West Virginia. It was built in 1866 by settlers from New England, and is a simple rectangular frame building with a white weatherboard exterior. It measures 50 feet by 40 feet and has a gable roof topped by a belfry.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Beaver Creek Massacre Site, located about 16 mile Dolores, Colorado, occurred on June 19, 1885 between Ute Mountain Utes and white cattlemen over land use and Native American policies established for Native Americans. The last conflict of its kind in Colorado, it followed the Meeker Massacre  and Sand Creek Massacre . Six Two or three days later, a white man and his family were attacked in Montezuma County. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 2, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Utes had difficulty getting enough food to eat. They lived on the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe Reservation where they were supposed to hunt. The federal government was supposed to provide food rations for the Native Americans to compensate for not being able to hunt on their traditional lands. Game, including deer and elk, had roamed through their reservation, but the game were driven off the Ute&#39;s land due to cattle ranching and railroads. Whites complained that the Ute people took or killed their cattle and horses.</p><br>
<h2>Ute hunting party massacred</h2><br>
<p>A group of Ute Mountain Ute people set out in June 1885 to hunt. They stopped at a long-standing Ute camp site near Beaver Creek. There was only one Ute person who survived.</p><br>
<p>Colonel P. T. Swaine, the commander of Fort Lewis, sent troops to the site and to patrol the area. Ute police and leaders and Indian Agent Stollsteimer went to the site to investigate. Some settlers sought shelter at the stone barn at Porter ranch.</p><br>
<h2>Retaliation</h2><br>
<p>About June 21, Utes killed Mr. Genthner and wounded his wife. They set the Genthner house on fire. Denham states that several white people were killed in Montezuma County.</p><br>
<h2>Fort Narraguinnep</h2><br>
<p>Some of the local residents met up at Narraguinnep Spring and set up a hastely-constructed fort of logs — called Fort Narraguinnep and Narraguinnep Fort — about 25 mile north of Dolores at 37&deg;43&prime;49&Prime;N latitude, 108&deg;34&prime;34&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The fort was made of large pine logs and a roof was made with poles and dirt. Port holes were cut out of the sides of the fort for shooting. Some of the people who built the fort had killed the Utes. The fort was used for about two weeks. A sign was erected by the National Forest Service to mark the location.</p><br>
<p>Swaine declined an offer for state troops to come to the site, but increased patrols through the area. The fear among the settlers and Utes calmed down by early July.</p><br>
<p>The Old Post Office and Courthouse is a historic courthouse and former post office located at 157 Genesee Street in Auburn, New York. It was built in 1888–1890 and was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Mifflin E. Bell, in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The limestone-and-brick building was expanded in 1913–1914, designed by James M. Elliot, and again in 1937. It serves as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The massive, asymmetrical, -story main block  includes a 3-story tower at the southwest corner, a -story stair tower, and two massive Richardsonian Romanesque–style entrances.</p><br>
<p>The building was surplussed by the Federal government in the 1980s and acquired by Cayuga County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The General Jose de San Martin Memorial is an equestrian statue memorial of Argentine general and independence leader José de San Martín in Washington, D.C., United States.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is located at Virginia Avenue and 20th Street N.W. in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., near the United States Department of State.</p><br>
<p>The memorial was sculpted by Augustin-Alexandre Dumont beginning in 1924. It is a replica of an original located at the Plaza San Martín in Buenos Aires. The memorial was a gift to the United States from Argentina and was dedicated on October 28, 1925. President Calvin Coolidge spoke at the dedication.</p><br>
<p>It was rededicated on October 6, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Plaquette</h2><br>
<p>Next to the memorial is a plaque with the following text:</p><br>
<p>The Oconee County Cage is a former jail on wheels that is located at Browns Square Drive outside of the Oconee Heritage Center in Walhalla, South Carolina, USA in Oconee County. At the time of its listing, it was located on Church Street at the Oconee County Law Enforcement Center. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1982 along with the Oconee County Jail. At the time of its listing, the cage was considered the most intact cage in South Carolina. Oconee County has preserved the cage as a reminder of the former harsh conditions faced by convicts in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>Early 20th-century county penal system</h2><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, county jails in South Carolina were primarily for holding individuals who were awaiting trial that could not afford bail. In 1916, about 94% were in county chain gangs and about 6% were at the state penitentiary. In this period of racial segregation, white prisoners were separated from African-American prisoners.</p><br>
<p>Instead of being housed in the county jail, chain gangs were housed in cages, cars, or tents near the work site. The cages and cars could be used to also transport the convicts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This jail on wheels was one of several used in the early twentieth century for the housing and transport of prisoners on the chain gang. It was built around 1900.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, the State Board of Charities and Corrections reported that the chain gang was about 4 mi from Seneca where the convicts were repairing the Oconee Station Road. There were two cages. One held eight African-American men and the other held four white men. For breakfast, they ate bacon, biscuits, syrup, and coffee. For dinner, they ate cabbage, bacon, and cornbread. For supper, they had bacon, biscuits, and syrup. In 1917, they reported that the cages were screened. In 1918, they said that the chain gang only had African Americans. White convicts were held at the jail or sent to the state penitentiary.</p><br>
<p>The chain gang convicts typically had a sentence of two months or less. Their families could visit on weekends and bring food. One former convict recalled that the convicts, guards, and their families all ate together and talked.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the county had gasoline-powered trucks and built a new jail. The cages were no longer used. Although the chain gang faced harsh conditions during this period, it was considered to be an improvement over that faced by many convicts prior to 1900.</p><br>
<p>There is a similar jail on wheels in the neighboring Pickens County.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is a metal cage on a chassis with wheels. Draft animals were hitched to a metal tongue attached to the front axle. The cage is approximately 14 ft long, 8 ft, and 7 ft high. The front, top, and floor are solid sheet metal. The sides of the cage are metal bars with riveted strips to form a grid. The rear is sheet metal with a hinged metal door.</p><br>
<p>The cage had four metal bunk beds with three beds each along the sides. The bunks had metal strips to support the bedding. There was a metal barrel in the center for a fire. Canvas was used to cover the sides in cold weather.</p><br>
<p>Additional pictures of the cage are available.</p><br>
<p>The Case Memorial-Seymour Library is a historic library building located at 176 Genesee Street in Auburn. It was built in 1898 and as designed by architects Carrère and Hastings, in the Beaux-Arts style. It is a square, two story, three bay building constructed of Flemish bond brick and limestone topped by a hipped roof. It opened in 1903 and was expanded in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Cayuga County Courthouse and Clerks Office is a historic courthouse complex located at 152 Genesee Street in Auburn, New York. It consists of a two building government complex. The courthouse was built in 1835–1836 to a design by John I. Hagaman in the Greek Revival style, employing a massive Greek Doric order. It was rebuilt and expanded in 1922–1924 after a fire destroyed everything but the front and side walls of the original building. The rebuilt courthouse, designed by Carl Tallman and Samuel Hillger, is a -story, Neoclassical temple-fronted stone building incorporating Hagamans monumental portico. Attached to it is the 1882 County Clerk&#39;s Office building, designed by Green and Wicks in the Late Victorian Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Gold Coast Historic District is a residential area in Richland, Washington, United States. The town that was built during the World War II Manhattan Project to house workers at the Hanford atomic plant. The homes within the district date from 1948–49 and are associated with the Cold War expansion of plutonium manufacturing at the plant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From its inception in 1943, when it displaced the existing village at the site, wartime Richland grew to a population of 25,000 by 1945. It was built up rapidly in stages under a master plan that covered residential areas, commercial centers and government facilities along with all related infrastructure. Housing was built in tracts and clustered by demographic (apartments for singles, houses for families, etc.) and, to some extent, income. All land and buildings were owned by the government. Residents paid a nominal rent and were assigned their units through waiting lists. Because homes were allocated based on family size and need, there were a number of floor plans available. These were each identified by a letter of the alphabet, and so came to be known as "alphabet" houses.</p><br>
<p>With the advent of the Cold War, plutonium production at the Hanford plant was ramped up, resulting in a need for increased staffing of the technical and administrative ranks. This in turn created a need for new housing in Richland. Accordingly, new neighborhoods were created in 1948–49. The historic district comprises one of these neighborhoods. Because the housing was intended for upper-income families and was near the Columbia River, it came to be known as the "Gold Coast." The moniker was in use for the area as early as 1952.</p><br>
<p>The motivation for seeking a place in the National Register arose from an inventory of 5000 of the alphabet houses prepared in the early 2000s by local residents interested in documenting the unique aspects of Richlands built environment. In 2004, the Governors Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (GACHP) began reviewing the City&#39;s Gold Coast Historic District preservation application. The district, comprising 118 contributing and 45 noncontributing properties was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Phoenix Opera House Block is a historic building in Rushville, Illinois. Built in 1882, the building housed commercial businesses on the first floor and an opera house on the second floor. The opera house hosted traveling performers and theater companies as well as local social events. The opera house closed in 1910, as churches began to host the town&#39;s social functions and the local movie theater provided entertainment. From 1924 to 1956, the opera house served as a Masonic lodge. The building is one of the few surviving examples of a combined opera house and commercial building.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1985.</p><br>
<p>White Oak Hall, also known as White Oak School, is a historic building located near Rushville, Illinois, United States. The two-story school was built in 1874. The first floor of the building held the schoolroom, while the second floor was used as a meeting hall by the local chapter of The Grange. The Grange Hall also housed the White Oak Literary Society, church services, Sunday school classes, and social functions. The school operated until 1960, while the second floor was used for events through the 1990s. The school is one of the only rural one-room schoolhouses remaining in Schuyler County.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Carter Coal Company Store was a historic company store building located at Coalwood, McDowell County, West Virginia. It was built by the Carter Coal Company about 1912, and remodeled in 1922. The one-story brick building housed a store, company offices, and a post office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The building was demolished on March 29, 2008, by owner Alawest. The site is now a grassy plot with a gazebo.</p><br>
<p>House at 15 East Cayuga Street in the village of Moravia, Cayuga County, New York, is a historic house that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, frame Italianate style double residence. It was definitely built before 1887, and perhaps even before 1859. It was modified to its present appearance sometime between 1898 and 1908. The front features two 2-story, semi-octagonal bay windows.</p><br>
<p>Deemed significant architecturally "as the most intact historic duplex in Moravia" and as "an intact and representative example of Italianate style residential architecture in Moravia associated with the village&#39;s post-Civil War prosperity."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register on April 20, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The House at 17 Aurora Street in the village of Moravia, Cayuga County, New York, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, frame Greek Revival style dwelling, constructed in about 1850. The structure features a full front pediment, corner pilasters, shouldered architraves, and transom and sidelights around the front door.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The House at 18 Aurora Street  in the village of Moravia, in Cayuga County, New York, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, frame Greek Revival style dwelling, constructed in about 1850. The structure is dominated by its three-bay wide, side entrance temple front.</p><br>
<p>Locally it is known as the Scarry House, after the name of a well known family that lived there for many years.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register as House at 18 Aurora Street on February 24, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The House at 20 Aurora Street in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York is a historic house listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a two-story, vernacular frame dwelling constructed about 1840, with an extension to the ell added about 1860. Also on the property is a two-story Greek Revival style carriage house probably added about 1850.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The House at 36 South Main Street is a historic home located at what is now numbered 73 South Main Street in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. It is a -story, frame, Queen Anne–style residence. The house appears to have been built about 1890. The front facade is notable for its 1-story porch that extends the width of the façade.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 as "House at 36 South Main Street".</p><br>
<p>Numbering on Main Street in Moravia was changed sometime after the 1995 NRHP listing, and the property is located at what is now 73 South Main Street.</p><br>
<p>House at 46 South Main Street is a historic home located actually at 63 South Main St. in the village Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, however, as "House at 46 South Main Street&quot the street numbering was changed since).</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, frame, Italianate style residence. The house appears to have been built between 1884 and 1887.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1995.</p><br>
<p>John McGeer House is a historic home located at 7 Aurora Street in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. It is a two-story, brick, Italianate style residence, with a rear wing of frame construction. The house was built in 1871. Also on the property is a frame wagon shop, built or expanded to its present form in about 1884.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Sager House is a historic home located at 12 West Cayuga Street in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. It is a 2½-story, frame, Queen Anne–style residence, with a cruciform plan. The house was built in 1884. Also on the property is a 2-story, frame carriage house. It was built by carpenters/construction managers James Patten and James Harris.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed architecturally significant "as an intact and representative example of Queen Anne style residential architecture in Moravia, associated with the village&#39;s post-Civil War prosperity." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Tuthill-Green House is a historic home located at 59 S. Main St. in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. It is a -story, frame, Queen Anne–style residence. The house was built about 1887. Also on the property is a -story, frame carriage house, built about 1885.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, when its address was 52 S. Main St.</p><br>
<p>Castle Gatehouse, Washington Aqueduct is a pumping station at the Georgetown Reservoir on the Washington Aqueduct in The Palisades neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places and contributes to the Washington Aqueduct National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1852 the United States Congress authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to construct a water supply for the city of Washington, using the Potomac River at Great Falls as its source. Construction of a 12-mile pipeline began in 1853, and portions of the system began operation in 1859. Little Falls Branch was used as an interim source until the pipeline was completed in 1864. The water was routed to Dalecarlia Reservoir, followed by Georgetown Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Improvements to the water system in the late 19th century included the Castle Gatehouse. The gatehouse was constructed at the Georgetown Reservoir to pump water into the four-mile long Washington City Tunnel that led to McMillan Reservoir, completed in 1902. A filtration system was constructed at McMillan in 1905 and this system improved the quality of city water.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the gatehouse began in 1899. The design was intended to replicate the Corps of Engineers insignia. Portland cement plaster was used to replicate stonework and give the gatehouse an authentic castle appearance.</p><br>
<p>The gatehouse is managed by the Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1975.</p><br>
<p>Heisey House was the first brick dwelling in Lock Haven, county seat of Clinton County, a city built along the West Branch Canal in the USA state of Pennsylvania. Constructed about 1831, the building served as a tavern and inn in its early days, and the town&#39;s founder, Jeremiah Church, boarded there.</p><br>
<p>Heisey House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built about 1831 by Dr. John Henderson of Huntington County as a brick Federal farmhouse. The bricks were shipped into town on canal boats. Henderson was the son-in-law of local landowner John Fleming. Jerry Church, the founder of Lock Haven lived here when the building was used as a tavern. Roger Develing and his son John who immigrated from Ireland owned the tavern. After Church owned the house, Dr. William J. Henderson purchased it in 1852 and practiced medicine there. The Heisey family owned the stucco-covered house from 1875 through 1960, when ownership passed to the Clinton County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Clinton County Historical Society maintains its headquarters in the 2.5-story building, which it operates as a museum. Substantially unchanged from its mid-19th-century condition, the Victorian interior of the house includes furniture from that era.</p><br>
<p>The Madera County Courthouse is the former county courthouse of Madera County, California. The courthouse is located at 210 W. Yosemite Ave. in Madera. It was built in 1900 using granite quarried within the county. The courthouse was the first significant public building constructed in Madera County. The building is topped by a clock tower; the tower fell in a 1906 fire but was rebuilt. In 1953, the county government left the courthouse, as a survey found the building to be unsafe. The Madera County Historical Society later converted the courthouse into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Madera County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Live Oak Historic Commercial District is a historic district in downtown Live Oak, Sutter County, California. The district includes twelve buildings and a row of palm trees; eight of the buildings and the trees contribute to the district&#39;s historical significance. Most of the buildings in the district are commercial buildings, though an Odd Fellows hall and a civic hall are also included. The oldest building in the district, the Live Oak Hall, was built circa 1875, while the latest buildings were built in the 1920s. The buildings in the district are mainly built in brick and stucco, and their designs reflect the periods in which they were built; for instance, the Live Oak Hall has narrow, arched windows popular in the 1870s, and the 1920s buildings have distinctive period brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Loving County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Mentone, Texas. The courthouse, the first permanent one in the county, was built in 1935, replacing a temporary courthouse built in 1931. Loving County was organized in 1931 following an oil boom in the area; it reached a peak population of 600 shortly thereafter in 1933, though its population has since fallen to 64. Architect Evan J. Wood designed the building in the Moderne style; he was paid $2684.60 for his efforts. The two-story courthouse is the tallest building in Loving County and the only symbol of county government in the county.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As Loving County is the least populous county in the United States, few court proceedings have taken place at the courthouse. Only 726 civil cases were filed at the courthouse between 1931 and 2004, most of them involving car accidents or business disputes among the countys oil and gas producers. The county convicted its first felon in 1936, when it sentenced oilman Norman C. Hill to four years in prison for stealing $4,000 worth of piping. Two jury trials in 2003 were the first in the county since its district court was established in 1955; the countys entire adult population was called for the 60-person jury panel, and establishing a jury was nearly impossible due to a Texas law prohibiting relatives from serving on the same jury, as only two potential jurors were unrelated to another potential juror. Nonetheless, the courthouse plays an important role in Loving County, as nearly a third of its population is employed by the county government.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 2006.</p><br>
<p>As of summer 2011, a new courthouse annex was nearing completion across Collins Street to the northwest. It is expected to house the offices of the sheriff and the county clerk. The new single-story building of Southwestern style architecture will roughly equal the main courthouse in area of floor space.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Washington Avenue Armory, also known as the Fort Washington Armory, The Armory, and the 22nd Regiment Armory, is a historic 5,000-seat arena and armory building located at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between West 168th and 169th Streets, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It is a brick Classical Revival building with Romanesque Revival elements, such as the entrance arch, and is currently home to the non-profit Armory Foundation, National Track and Field Hall of Fame, Nike Track and Field Center, and other organizations including the Police Athletic League of New York City.</p><br>
<p>When built in the early 20th century it was one of the first armories in New York City in the Neoclassical style, instead of the Gothic Revival mode favored during the 19th century. It was home to the 22nd Regiment of the Army Corps of Engineers, was used to give licensing exams for those who wished to become architects, engineers, nurses and so on,</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Three stories high, the Armory is constructed of brick on a raised foundation with limestone and terra cotta trim. The administration building is on a fully exposed basement; the drill shed only partially. Iron bars protect the windows on the basement and first floor. The roofline is marked by a corbeled cornice and parapet with terra cotta trim.</p><br>
<p>The west (front) facade features a three-part projecting entrance pavilion flanked by four-bay sides. At the corners are square bastions with crenelated parapets in terra cotta. The entrance pavilion has octagonal bastions flanking smooth rusticated limestone voussoirs around a large sally port.</p><br>
<p>Both side elevations have nine asymmetrical bays, with round-arched windows in the second and third stories and double-hung casement windows at street level. Some on both sets have been filled in.</p><br>
<p>Behind a wooden portcullis at the rear of the sally port is the entrance, three wooden doors inside a segmentally arched stone architrave capped with a console-style keystone. It is inscribed with the words. Above it is a multi-pane transom.</p><br>
<p>The interior retains much of its original finish. Rooms have terrazzo floors, glazed brick walls trimmed in terracotta. The cross-vaulted ceilings are sheathed in tiles laid in chevron patterns and have glazed terra cotta architraves at their entrances. There are bronze sconces throughout the building. A double-width staircase in fireproof steel and concrete has a curving rail. Its hallway is encircled with a wide frieze on which there are two remaining Works Progress Administration (WPA) murals.</p><br>
<p>At the north and south ends of the administration building are two large company meeting rooms. The south one features a paneled dado, beamed ceilings, hardwood floors and an intricately carved mantel flanked by two Doric columns. The north meeting room features paneled mahogany wainscoting, built-in trophy cases and a glazed brick fireplace with wooden overmantel.</p><br>
<p>The drill shed is a large barrel vaulted space with balcony on all sides allowing seating for 2,300. It has massive arched trusses and is lit and ventilated via a clerestory.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 22nd Regiment traces its origins to the Union Grays, who stayed behind in Manhattan when the city&#39;s other units left for the Civil War. They helped suppress the New York City draft riots in 1863 and later saw some action on the front lines. They were one of the first units to have their own armory devoted solely to military purposes. It was located originally on West 14th Street near Sixth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, the regiment moved to another armory on Broadway at Columbus Street on the Upper West Side. It was designed by one of the units members, Capt. John Leo. In 1907 the citys Armory Board held a competition for another new armory for the 22nd, to be located in the growing Washington Heights section of the city. The firm of Richard Walker and Charles Morris, whose works also included the South Ferry Building and several branch libraries in Brooklyn, won. The building was completed four years later, in 1911, at a cost of $1.16 million ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>The Armory building is visible behind left field and across 168th Street in later photos of Hilltop Park, the original home of the New York Yankees.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after World War II the 22nd was merged into the 42nd Division as the 102nd Engineering Battalion. It was moved around and downsized within the city&#39;s National Guard units several times until it was disbanded sometime in the late 20th century. Only two of the units survive; both are now attached to the 369th Regiment and based at its armory in Harlem.</p><br>
<p>The armory remained under the jurisdiction of the New York State Division of Military & Naval Affairs. From 1968-1978, the New York Rifle, Pistol and Shotgun Club was located at the Armory where it featured a multi-lane, 100 yard indoor shooting range, run by Barry Satz who lived a few blocks away. He was famous for walking the streets of New York City, carrying a virtual montage of weapons to be used at the range. The club met every Tuesday night and members brought myriad types of small arms from around the city to shoot at the ranges targets. One problem with that shooting facility was to change the 100 yard targets, you had to practically crawl due to lack of a walkway to the extended long range target area. The range was lined with asbestos in the shooting lanes, which at that time, no one at the range knew to be a problem. It was used as a homeless shelter late in the 20th century, housing more than 1,000 people on the drill floor. the plans for a larger shelter gave way in the mid-1980s, when the Armory became New Yorks premiere indoor track and field facility. At 96,000 ft&sup2, it was almost double the size of Madison Square Garden. Through the Fort Washington Men&#39;s Shelter, the Armory provides shelter and services for 200 indigent adult males under the jurisdiction of the NYC Department of Homeless Services.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, a campaign began to refurbish and modernize The Armory into a state-of-the-art facility. Norbert Sander., who spearheaded the campaign, was the only New Yorker to have won the New York City Marathon, and a longtime member of the board of New York Road Runners. He raised $25 million and convinced elected officials, governmental agencies and corporate sponsors to allow him to take over the Armory. As part of the renovation, a banked track was installed. In 2002, the armory was chosen as the permanent home of the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, and it is now the largest site of indoor college and high school invitationals in the world. Since 2012, it has been the location for the New York Road Runners Millrose Games.</p><br>
<h2>Track & Field Center</h2><br>
<p>The spacious third floor is home to the Nike Track and Field Center, a 200-meter, six-lane banked mondo track, two large runways and sand pits, a pole vault pit, and a throws cage. In September 2024, the track was revamped, with the removal of five older layers of track material, and the changing of the surface color from red to blue. The Center is widely regarded as one of the premier indoor track and field facilities in the United States and is one of only five World Athletics certified indoor facilities in the United States. The Center plays host to a number of meets at the high school, college, and professional/open/masters level each year, including the Millrose Games, Nike Indoor Nationals, The Dr. Sander Invitational/Columbia Challenge and several of the largest high school meets in the country. The Armory is also home to the Colgate Womens Games Championship, which is the largest track & field series for women in the nation. The Public School Athletic League (PSAL), the largest high school athletic league in the country, also makes their home at The Armory. A number of college programs &ndash; such as Columbia University, New York University, Saint Johns University, St. Francis College, City College of New York and Iona College &ndash; utilize it as their home indoor track.</p><br>
<p>First held in 1908, the Millrose Games is the centerpiece of The Armory’s track and field calendar, and is arguably the most prestigious indoor meet in the world. The event formerly took place at Madison Square Garden before moving to The Armory in 2012. Millrose features elite competition at every level, with youth, high school, collegiate, professional, and masters races. Millrose traditionally concludes with the Wanamaker Mile, which has featured many icons of the sport, including Eamonn Coghlan and Bernard Lagat. At the 2020 event, Donavan Brazier, Ajeé Wilson, and Elinor Purrier each set new American records. In 2023, Yared Nuguse set a new American record in the indoor mile, running 3:47.38.</p><br>
<h2>The Armory Foundation</h2><br>
<p>The Armory Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to serving youth by promoting fitness and education through a broad range of athletic, educational, and community programs and strives to "Keep Kids on Track."</p><br>
<p>Part of the foundation is The Armory College Prep (ACP) that helps in “Keeping Kids on Track.” Only 72 percent of New York City high school students go on to attend college after graduation, a number that is significantly lower in the underserved, largely black and Latino communities that ACP draws from. Since 2016, 100 percent of the program&#39;s graduating seniors have been admitted into four-year colleges. Students from Armory College Prep have gone on to attend Cornell, Amherst, Haverford, Williams, Washington & Lee, and many other competitive institutions.</p><br>
<p>Unlike other programs that only accept students with top grades or test scores, ACP is unscreened. All students who sign up are accepted into the program, and the full-time staff works around the clock to fill in the educational gaps. Students are given an assessment at the start of the program that helps identify strengths and weaknesses. The tutors take this data and create lesson plans for each student to help them achieve their potential.</p><br>
<p>ACP works to close the opportunity gap for the students by providing one-on-one tutoring in a variety of subjects, focusing on Math and English. It provides test prep for the SAT and other standardized tests, along with personalized college counseling that helps each student create a list of target schools and develop a personal narrative that is compelling to admissions officers. Through theater and literature programs, ACP also encourages students to find their own voice in the creative arts. Several years ago, ACP added a middle school program, which helps prepare younger students for the rigors of high school, along with providing curriculum depth in areas such as computer science and math.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Birthplace in Point Pleasant, Monroe Township, Ohio was the birthplace of USA President Ulysses S. Grant, who was born there in 1822. The home was built in 1817, and in 1821 Jesse Root Grant wed Hannah Simpson Grant  and they moved into the home where they paid $2 a month rent. The future president lived in Point Pleasant for less than a year, as his family moved to Georgetown one month before his first birthday.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio Historical Society operates the site as a historic house museum. Today it is furnished with items that once belonged to Grant, as well as a few period items. In 1998, the birthplace and several associated buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Birthplace and surrounding areas have been found to be a historical archaeological site. As part of making the site ADA-compliant, a small-scale construction project in the summer of 2010 involved the replacement of stone gutters at the site. Ohio State Historic Preservation Office staff archaeologists conducted a test excavation of some of the areas surrounding the gutters, discovering foundations of an 1810s tannery.</p><br>
<p>Previous archaeological work in and around the Grant Birthplace included the retrieval of early nineteenth-century pottery from a small midden being impacted by the replacement of a nearby bridge in 1984, as well as a field survey of open areas in the birthplace grounds before the construction of a small building at the site in 2005; the latter project recovered only a couple of insignificant lithic flakes from an unidentified prehistoric period.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Boyhood Home is a historic house museum at 219 East Grant Avenue in Georgetown, Ohio. Built in 1823, it was where United States President and American Civil War General Ulysses S. Grant  lived from 1823 until 1839, when he left for the United States Military Academy at West Point. In 1976, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nine years later, it was designated a National Historic Landmark. It is now owned by a local nonprofit organization as part of a suite of Grant-related museum properties in Georgetown.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Grant Boyhood Home is located northeast of the center of Georgetown, at the northwest corner of East Grant Avenue and North Water Street. It is a -story brick house, with a side-gable roof and a three-bay front facade. The main entrance is in the leftmost bay, and all of the window and door openings are topped by stone lintels. A two-story brick ell extends to the rear, as do a pair of single-story wood frame ells; all of these are either 19th-century additions made by Jesse Grant, or are reconstructions. The interior of the house retains original flooring and woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house, along with a number of its additions, was built in 1823 by Jesse and Hannah Grant, the parents of Ulysses S. Grant. The family moved into this house when Ulysses was 16 months old, and it is where he grew up. Grant left for West Point in 1839, but was a frequent visitor over the next few years, and this house is the home he lived in the longest. Grant is known to have spent substantial time at his father&#39;s tannery, located just across the street.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the house had deteriorated in condition and was at threat of demolition. It was rescued from that fate, and the nonprofit US Grant Homestead Association was formed to restore and maintain it. The organization now owns the house, a schoolhouse attended by Grant, and the tannery building.</p><br>
<p>Major County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Fairview, Oklahoma. It was built in 1928 and designed by Tonini and Bramblet, who also designed several other courthouses in Oklahoma. The four-story stone building features Tuscan columns and pilasters spanning the second and third floors. The columns are topped by a frieze reading "MAJOR COUNTY COURT HOUSE", and the building is topped by a projecting cornice and a parapet. The building&#39;s front entrance is in a Roman arch; the double doors have glass panels and a fanlight.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 23, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Chilton Post Office is a historic post office located at 57 E. Main St. in Chilton, Wisconsin, United States. The post office was built in 1938 and designed in the Georgian Revival style. The red brick building has a metal hip roof in the front and a flat roof in the back. The front entrance has a pair of bronze aluminum doors with white trim topped by a metal eagle. A Works Progress Administration mural by Charles Winstanley Thwaites, titled "Threshing Barley", is painted on a wall in the lobby.</p><br>
<p>The post office was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Martin County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Shoals, Indiana. The courthouse was built in 1876 to replace the previous courthouse, which burned down in the same year. At the time of the courthouse&#39;s construction, Shoals had only been the county seat for seven years, and it was the ninth county seat in Martin County.</p><br>
<p>The new courthouse was built with local sandstone and red brick; its design incorporates elements of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>The new courthouse proved to be in a stable location, as the county seat has remained in Shoals since its construction. The courthouse served the county until 2002 and now houses the Martin County Historical Museum, which is operated by the Martin County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 17, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Clinton County Courthouse is located in Clinton, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1897 and added to the National Register of Historic Places July 2, 1981, as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. It is the fourth courthouse that has been used by the county.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Former courthouses</h3><br>
<p>The town of Camanche became the first county seat around 1840. Hotels and houses were used for county business instead of a dedicated courthouse. In 1841 the legislature of the Territory of Iowa allowed for the relocation of the county seat. A new townsite in the center of the county called Vanderburg was chosen. A frame building was donated for court purposes. The following year the town&#39;s name was changed to DeWitt to further honor DeWitt Clinton, for whom the county was named. A planned brick courthouse that would have cost $3,500 was never built due to a lack of support. As the size of the county government increased, court sessions were moved to the attic of the frame building while county offices occupied the rest of the building. The Exchange Hotel was acquired by the county in 1846 for more space. The county constructed a second courthouse in DeWitt measuring 40 x in 1854 for $6,000. It was similar in design to the Greek Revival Scott County Courthouse (1842) in Davenport. The contractors for the project were S.N. Bedford and T.P. & S.M. Butler. Its construction was unpopular as it was ordered by the county judge rather than the people. A jail was built in 1855.</p><br>
<p>The former Exchange Hotel was destroyed in a fire in 1865. By then the population in the eastern part of the county, and in the city of Clinton in particular, had grown substantially. The decision to move the county seat there was made and a new courthouse, which measured 44 x, was built in 1869. It was a two-story structure that was built in 23 days, and it was initially rented by the county. By 1878 the building was too small and another building was built on its west side to house some county offices.</p><br>
<h3>Present courthouse</h3><br>
<p>Money to build the present courthouse was allocated in 1892. Poor construction and quicksand forced the foundation to be re-built. A new architect and contractor were hired and elections were held to approve additional funds, which all delayed construction. The building was finally completed in 1897 at a cost of $168,000.</p><br>
<p>In August 2017, engineers found that one of the beams in the basement that supports the first floor failed due to regular wear. The courthouse was closed for two weeks so repairs could be made. Offices and court functions were temporarily moved to the county administration building.</p><br>
<p>The Union Brewery is a historic brewery building in Iowa City, Iowa. The brewery was founded in 1856 by German immigrants Anton Geiger and Simeon Hotz. Conrad Graf was the brewerys brewmaster, and its beer was named Grafs Golden Brew after him; Graf later came to own the brewery after Geigers death. Graf was instrumental in inciting the 1884 Iowa City beer riots, a popular uprising against Iowas new prohibition law; the rioting mob injured multiple law officers and city attorneys, one of whom successfully sued Graf for $7,000. The brewery continued to operate until Prohibition; during Prohibition, it attempted to produce soda, but residual yeast spores caused the soda to ferment.</p><br>
<p>A network of tunnels connected the Union Brewery to two other breweries in Iowa City. The tunnels linked cellars and "beer caves" used by the breweries to store their products. The tunnels are well-preserved, and a developer has attempted to reopen them for tours or business use.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Belt-Gaskin House is a historic home located at Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. It is a two-story, three-bay frame house built about 1868. The house was built by African Americans Thomas and Rachel Belt , who returned to the USA from Canada after the conclusion of the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The National Register nomination document asserts:Evidence that the Belt family were freedom seekers is circumstantial but compelling. About 1805, Rachael Belt and Thomas Belt were born in Maryland, almost certainly in slavery. In the 1840s, they came to New York State, where their son George was born about 1849. Perhaps as a result of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, they left New York State for Canada, where another son, Isaiah, was born about 1854. Between 1865 and 1870, Thomas and Rachael Belt returned to the United States. On November 5, 1868, they bought a house on Cornell Street (now Chapman Avenue) in Auburn, New York, in a neighborhood near Harriet Tubman&#39;s home, where many other freedom seekers, as well as many Irish and USA-born people of European-American descent, were also buying homes. The Belt house appeared on an 1868 manuscript map by John S. Clark, from a survey by A.C. Taber, along with a series of small houses built on the north side of Cornell Street.</p><br>
<p>The property was purchased by Thomas Belt (or Bell) from Horace and Mary Fitch; Horace Fitch was son of abolitionist, industrialist Abijah Fitch. Based on property tax assessments, it appears the house was probably built in two parts, one by 1868 and the other at some point between 1869 and 1874.</p><br>
<p>The pastor of the Thomson AME Zion Church, Reverend John Thomas, who had been born a slave in Virginia in 1814, was a boarder at the house when he died in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased in 1927 by Philip and Mary Gaskin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Rock Ledge Ranch Historic Site is a living history museum  and farm located at Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Staff and volunteers dressed in period-appropriate attire interpret life in the Pikes Peak region from 1775 through 1910. Rock Ledge Ranch is home to six historic sites: an American Indian Area interpreting indigenous life from 1775 through 1835; an 1860s homestead cabin; an 1880s homestead garden; the 1874 Rock Ledge House; an 1890s blacksmith shop; and a 1907 Edwardian Country Estate. Rock Ledge Ranch Historic Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Museum guides, each wearing clothing specific to the time period and type of residence, explain and demonstrate activities of daily life of those who lived in the region. Visitors see and participate to learn how people from different time periods lived during the eras: clothing, meal prep and cooking, cleaning, laundry, mowing, games and entertainment, and how they made their living.</p><br>
<p>There is a working 19th Century blacksmith shop, barn, horses, and chickens. Sheep and a cow graze around the farm. At one time, peacocks were resident. The historical interpreters demonstrate daily living skills, and encourage visitors to participate. The museum hosts over 100,000 people on an annual basis.</p><br>
<p>Because of the City of Colorado Springs&#39; economic difficulties in 2009, its funding and continued existence was threatened. However, an aggressive fundraising campaign has generated huge public support as well as additional opportunities to experience this setting due to themed special events such as Fiddles, Vittles, and Vino and a Shakespeare festival.</p><br>
<p>In 2023, the cost of admissions was USD$8 for adults, USD$4 for ages 3 to 17.</p><br>
<p>William and Mary Hosmer House is a historic home located in Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. It is a two-story, three-bay, side hall frame house in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It is believed to have been built in the 1840s and enlarged sometime after the conclusion of the Civil War. The house was owned by anti-slavery editor and author William Hosmer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Sylvester Willard Mansion, also known as the Willard-Case Mansion and the Cayuga Museum of History and Art, is a historic mansion and related outbuildings located in Auburn, Cayuga County, New York state.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Willard-Case Mansion is a monumental Greek Revival style brick mansion, originally built in 1836-1843 by John Seymour. It had Classical Revival wings added in the late 19th century. It is a two-story, five-bay, center hall building, resting on a stone foundation.</p><br>
<p>The front facade features a monumental Greek Revival pedimented portico with massive fluted Ionic columns. A large dining wing and small palazzo-like wing was added to the main block in the 1870s-1880s. The interior features a rare example of a Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company domestic window added about 1894–1896.</p><br>
<p>The property also includes an ornate, late 19th century cast iron fence with stone pillars, and an elaborate wrought iron garden gate with cast iron embellishments.</p><br>
<h2>Cinema research</h2><br>
<p>In 1916, the Willard Mansion was acquired by Theodore Case (1888–1944). He converted several outbuildings to pursue his cinema technology research projects: a former 19th century carriage house, converted into an experimental movie studio, and a former 19th century greenhouse, converted in 1916 to the Case Research Laboratory, to support his research into sound-on-film technology.</p><br>
<p>Ted Case was an American physicist and inventor known for the invention of the Movietone optical sound-on-film method for sound films ("talkies").</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The property now houses the Cayuga Museum of History and Art and Case Research Lab. It is a history museum with collections of fine art and local history, and a cinema museum presenting the work of the Case Research Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Sylvester Willard Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>William Smith Ingham House is a historic house in Meridian, Cayuga County, New York. Built in 1835, it is a two-story, three-bay, side hall frame house in a vernacular Greek Revival style. A late 19th-century carriage house is also on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>It has a Temple-style front with a tetrastyle portico of Ionic columns. It is located at 3069 W Main St. (NY-370) in Meridian.</p><br>
<p>Peter Yawger House is a historic home located at Union Springs in Cayuga County, New York. It was built in 1838–1840 in the Greek Revival style on the east shore of Cayuga Lake. It consists of a -story, five-by-three-bay, brick gable-roofed main block, with a 1-story, gable-roofed kitchen wing. The front portico is supported by four massive fluted Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The property spans from Cayuga Lake shore to New York State Route 90.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Almeron Durkee House is a historic house located at 13 Cayuga Street  in Union Springs, Cayuga County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built about 1820 and is a "remarkably intact" two-story, three-bay wide, side-hall stone dwelling in the Federal style. Attached to the main block are a -story wing and 1-story frame wing. Also on the property is a barn and stone smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 2005.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed architecturally "significant as an outstanding example of early nineteenth century, Federal style domestic architecture in Union Springs. Built ca.1820, the house is an imposing and remarkably intact, two-story, three-bay, side-hall Federal style dwelling that embodies the building and decorative techniques popular in the Central and Finger Lakes regions of the state during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Built of simply dressed blocks of locally quarried limestone laid in random courses, the Durkee house is a finely crafted vernacular adaptation of high style building trends in the region. The former farmhouse is complemented by two intact support buildings (a barn and a smokehouse) that survive from the property&#39;s use as a working farm."</p><br>
<p>The house is prominent upon the west side New York State Route 90, with a 2021-posted historic marker honoring a John Irving who lived in the house 1907-13. Per the marker, he was a "schooner master and stonemason" who carved stone for early Cornell University buildings and the former Cornell library in Ithaca.</p><br>
<p>Charles Howland-William H. Chase House is a historic home located at Union Springs in Cayuga County, New York. It was built about 1840 and is a remarkably intact two-story, five-bay, center-hall limestone dwelling in the Greek Revival style. Attached to the main block is a large two-story rear wing creating an L-shaped house. Also on the property is a stone barn, stone shed, and stone smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The house is set back from Cayuga Street (New York State Route 90).</p><br>
<p>William Richardson House is a historic home located at Union Springs in Cayuga County, New York. It was built about 1830 and is a remarkably intact late Federal / early Greek Revival–style farmhouse. It is a 2-story, three-bay brick dwelling main block with a -story side ell and -story rear wing. Also on the property are four late-19th-century / early-20th-century barns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Village history states that William Richardson came from Chester County, PA in 1791 and married Elizabeth Thompson. Her father is noted as Thomas Thompson from Juniata in Western Pennsylvania. William died in Levanna, NY in 1823.</p><br>
<p>Morse Farm is a historic farm property located in the village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York. Its main building is a two-story, frame Federal style farmhouse. The house is in a "big house, little house, back house" configuration. Portions of the house reportedly date to 1794; the house was remodelled into essentially its present form about 1815. Also on the property is a 19th-century two-story barn with board and batten siding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Its address in National Register registration was 53 South Main St. but the street has been renumbered; it located at what is now 52 South Main St.</p><br>
<p>A historic plaque identifies the original portion of the house, what is now the kitchen area, as the oldest in Moravia.</p><br>
<p>Augustus Howland House is a historic home located at 1395 Sherwood Road in Sherwood in Cayuga County, New York. It is a "distinctive high-style Italianate" dwelling built about 1850. It is a -story, six bays wide and three bays deep, heavy timber frame dwelling, topped by a low pitched hipped roof. It is sheathed in clapboard and features a two bay wide front pavilion. Included in the listing are four contributing barns , a laundry building, and two hitching posts.</p><br>
<p>The Howlands were Quakers, and Augustus Howland donated land for the nearby North Street Friends Meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Newlin Mill Complex, also referred to as The Newlin Grist Mill, is a water-powered gristmill on the west branch of Chester Creek near Concordville, Pennsylvania built in 1704 by Nathaniel and Mary Newlin and operated commercially until 1941. During its three centuries of operation, the mill has been known as the Lower Mill, the Markham Mill, the Seventeen-O-Four Mill and the Concord Flour Mill. In 1958 the mill property was bought by E. Mortimer Newlin, restored and given to the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to use as a historical park. Water power is still used to grind corn meal which is sold on site. The park includes five historical buildings, which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and 150 acre of natural woodland.</p><br>
<h2>History (1683-1739)</h2><br>
<p>Nicholas Newlin was a member of the Religious Society of Friends and an Irishman who lived in the Quaker town of Mountmellick, in Queens County, Ireland. In May, 1683, Newlin, fleeing religious persecution, emigrated to Pennsylvania with his wife, Elizabeth, and three children: Nathaniel, Rachel, and John, on the ship Levee from Liverpool. In October, 1683 purchased the mill property from William Penn in Concord Township, about 10 mi northwest of the town of Chester.</p><br>
<p>Newlin was a prominent citizen, serving on the province&#39;s governing body, the Provincial Council in 1686 and 1687, as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County.</p><br>
<p>Newlin&#39;s son, Nathaniel, married Mary Mendenhall in 1684. In 1685, Mary Mendenhall received additional land as part of a grant to her and her siblings.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel and Mary Mendenhall built the present mill, the third gristmill in the township, in 1704. Nathaniel also served as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County, and served in the Provincial Assembly from 1698 to 1722. Through Nathaniel&#39;s inheritance from his father, and the land Mary Mendenhall held, and by their purchase of 7,750 acre that became Newlin Township, they became together one of the largest landowners in Chester County. When Nathaniel Newlin died intestate in 1729, shortly after Mary Mendenhall died, the land was divided under Pennsylvania law among their children with the oldest son, Nicholas, receiving a double portion, and all the daughters and other sons, including a son named Nathaniel Newlin, each a single portion.</p><br>
<h2>History (1739-pres.)</h2><br>
<p>In 1739, Nathaniels grandson via his son Nathaniel, Nathaniel Newlin III, built a house for the head miller. In 1742, William and Anne Trimble, the owners of a neighboring gristmill, built a house overlooking the Newlin mill. A mile to the west in the village of Concordville, Nathaniels son Nicholas built the Nicholas Newlin House in 1742; which is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1777, the Battle of Brandywine was fought within a few miles of the mill. General George Washington had ordered the removal of millstones from nearby mills to hinder the supply of British troops, but there are no records of the order&#39;s effect on Newlin Mill. p. 47.</p><br>
<p>Southeastern Pennsylvania was the leading producer of grain in the colonial period and mills could be easily powered by the steep descent of the streams, called the Fall Line, in the area. By 1781 there were 127 gristmills in Chester County, which then included present-day Delaware County. The Newlin mill only served local and domestic needs and was known as a "country mill", rather than a "merchant mill" which would produce finer flour for urban and export markets.</p><br>
<p>The Newlin family owned the mill until 1817, selling to William Trimble, Jr. Thomas Newlin, who died in 1811, had remarried after his wife&#39;s death. Disagreements between his two sets of children resulted in a judgment of $11,326.30 against his estate, forcing the sale of the mill.</p><br>
<p>The Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad was built through the property in 1859; this allowed the mill to market its flour in Philadelphia and Baltimore. A railway station was built in 1868 and Samuel Hill bought the mill in 1869. In 1942 the mill stopped commercial production and the buildings were used temporarily as a bookstore and an antique store. In 1956, Nicholas&#39;s eighth-generation descendant, E. Mortimer Newlin, purchased the property and later formed the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to restore and preserve the mill. Restorations were completed in 1962, and 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Mill</h3><br>
<p>The mill measures 35 ft wide by 70 ft long. A date stone on an exterior wall is marked "Nathan&#39;l Mary Newlin 1704." The dam and the half-mile mill race, which provides the water that powers the mill, were built the same year. The original grindstone was imported from France. The mill was built of fieldstone into a hillside: the north side two stories, the south side one story high. The mill wheel was originally outside the mill and was probably breastshot. It was reconstructed in 1976, weighs 1,500 lb and measures 16 by, with 52 buckets. The water exits underground through the tail race and travels about 150 yd back to Chester Creek. The floors and mill machinery are supported by a hurst frame, an inner timber frame that is separated from the outer stone walls so that vibrations do not break the outer walls. The process of grinding the corn may be viewed at the mill.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after 1817 William Trimble expanded the mill and enclosed the mill wheel. It ground about 60,000 bushels of corn per year at that time. Sometime before 1850 the mill was refitted according to the Oliver Evans automated mill design and began to grind wheat flour. In 1850 owner Casper Sharpless purchased 20,000 bushels of wheat for $22,000 and sold flour worth $30,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1870 the following products were produced:</p><br>
<p>At that time the mill had four millstones and two wooden overshot water wheels with a 24 ft fall, producing about 20 hp. A wood-framed upper story was added about 1890.</p><br>
<h3>Warehouse</h3><br>
<p>The warehouse is a -story stone building to the east of the lower level of the mill. It was built by Nathaniel Newlin after he built the mill to use as a dry goods store. It now serves as the Foundation&#39;s archive.</p><br>
<h3>Miller&#39;s house</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1739 of stone, it is adjacent to the south side of the mill. There are two rooms on each of the two floors, with a fireplace in each room, and a beehive oven attached to the kitchen. A third story was added about 1860 and removed during a restoration in the 1960s. This house should not be confused with the Newlin Miller&#39;s House about 12 mi north in West Whiteland Township which was built in the early 19th century by William Newlin and listed separately in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Trimble House</h3><br>
<p>(The image shown is of the main office, and not the Trimble House.) This house was built into the hill above the mill and the millers house in 1742, also with four rooms. It was expanded by 1765 to accommodate William Trimbles growing family. It has nine fireplaces, a 53 foot deep well and much of the original flooring, woodwork, doors, and hardware. The Newlin Foundation bought the house in 1998 and it is used as a private residence.</p><br>
<h3>Railway station</h3><br>
<p>The -story Gothic-style station was originally built in 1868–1869 by Samuel Hill. It served as a post office and polling station for the community of mill workers in the area. It burned down in 1890 and was rebuilt the next year, serving as a railway station until the 1930s. It is used now as the park office.</p><br>
<h3>Park</h3><br>
<p>The five original buildings form the core of a 150 acre park, which is mostly natural woodlands. A 1710 springhouse from a local farm was moved to the park in the 1970s and a small barn was moved from northern Delaware to the area behind the miller&#39;s house. In 1965 a log cabin was constructed, which is used for meetings, receptions, and parties. A new 18th Century style blacksmith shop replica was constructed in 1975. Two ball fields are also included in the park.</p><br>
<p>Orrin W. Burritt House is a historic home located at Weedsport in Cayuga County, New York. It is a fashionable Italianate / Queen Anne style dwelling built about 1876. It consists of a large, essentially rectangular, two story frame main block. Notable features of the building include broadly projecting eaves supported by elaborate scroll brackets, dentils and modillions; large windows surrounded by elaborate wood trim; an imposing verandah with a wealth of Victorian-inspired ornamentation; and a Colonial Revival style porte-cochere added about 1912. Also on the property is a carriage house built about 1876.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Job and Deborah Otis House, also known as East Otis Farm, is a historic home located at Sherwood in Cayuga County, New York. It is a Federal-style dwelling built in 1796. It consists of a 2-story, three-bay, side-hall main block with a -story side ell. Also on the property is a mid- to late-19th-century carriage house, now converted into a two car garage. During the 1840s the dwelling was home to Job and Deborah Otis, who were Orthodox Quakers and leaders of the Otisites. Their granddaughter was the painter Amy Otis.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Auburn Button Works and Logan Silk Mills is a historic factory complex located at Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. It is a vernacular Italianate style industrial building built in 1879-1880 to house the Auburn Button Works and Logan Silk Mills. The complex has three parts: a three-story, rectangular main block; a two-story, rectangular west wing; and three story rectangular east wing. It is built of brick on a stone foundation.</p><br>
<p>Logan Silk Mills was famous for providing the silk for the gown of the First Lady Caroline Harrison wore when her husband, Benjamin Harrison, was inaugurated the 23rd President of the United States in 1889. The Logan Silk Mills went out of business the following year and the space was occupied by the Wegman Piano Company. The Auburn Button Works remained in the complex until about 1900. A fire swept through the west wing on May 1, 1914, and destroyed the third floor. The complex was used as manufacturing space for automobile and mill supplies, shoes, marine hardware, and has also provided warehouse space.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
